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Owen's Defence (also known as the Queen's Fianchetto Defence〔 or Greek Defense〔(ECO codes with names ) by Bill Wall.〕) is an uncommon chess opening defined by the moves: :1. e4 b6 By playing 1...b6, Black prepares to fianchetto the queen's bishop where it will participate in the battle for the centre. The downside of this plan is that White can occupy the centre with pawns and gain a spatial advantage. Moreover, 1...b6 does not prepare kingside castling as 1...g6 does, and it is harder for Black to augment his pressure against the centre with ...f5, which weakens the kingside, than it is to play the corresponding move ...c5 after 1...g6.〔Christian Bauer, ''Play 1...b6'', Everyman Chess, 2005, p. 5. ISBN 1-85744-410-8.〕 Owen's Defence accordingly has a dubious reputation.〔Owen's Defence "enjoyed a brief revival at the hands of American IM Regan and Yugoslav GM Sahović. Unfortunately, the attention it received unearthed more accurate lines for White and it is currently considered insufficient." Garry Kasparov and Raymond Keene, ''Batsford Chess Openings 2'', Collier Books, 1989, p. 228. ISBN 0-02-033991-7.〕〔Owen's Defence is "viewed by theory as unreliable". Nick de Firmian, ''Modern Chess Openings'', 15th edition, Random House Puzzles & Games, 2008, p. 385. ISBN 978-0-8129-3682-7.〕〔"Owen's Defence ... is regarded by current theory as suspicious". Bauer 2005, p. 7.〕 The move ...b6 has been played on the first or second move by Grandmasters Jonathan Speelman, Pavel Blatny, Tony Miles, Edvins Kengis, and Normunds Miezis, and International Masters Bricard and Filipovic. 〔Bauer 2005, p. 6.〕 Instead of fianchettoing, Black can also play his bishop to the a6–f1 diagonal (the Guatemala Defence). Owen's Defence is classified as code B00 by the ''Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings''. ==History== The opening is named after the English vicar and strong 19th-century amateur chess player John Owen, an early exponent.〔David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, ''The Oxford Companion to Chess'' (2nd ed. 1992), p. 286. ISBN 0-19-866164-9.〕 Howard Staunton wrote in 1847 that 1.e4 b6, "which the Italians call 'Il Fianchetto di Donna,' although disapproved of by the earlier writers, may be made by the second player without harm, if followed speedily by () and ()."〔Howard Staunton, ''The Chess-Player's Handbook'', Henry G. Bohn, 1847, p. 379.〕 Using his opening, Owen defeated Paul Morphy in an informal game in London, 1858.〔(Paul Morphy vs John Owen, London m2 1858 ) ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2011-08-29.〕 An additional game in the match featuring this opening, where Owen varied on move 5, was won by Morphy.〔(Paul Morphy vs John Owen, London m2 1858 ) ChessGames.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-12.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Owen's Defence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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